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Endnotes

  1. Batsche and Knoff (1994).
  2. U.S. Secret Service (2000). [Full Text ]
  3. Olweus (1978); an earlier edition was published in Swedish in 1973.
  4. Smith et al. (eds.) (1999); Farrington (1993); Smith and Brain (2000).
  5. U.S. Department of Education (1998).
  6. Olweus (1992).
  7. Olweus (1992); Rigby and Slee (1999); Ortega and Lera (2000); Salmivalli (1999); Farrington (1993).
  8. Nansel et al. (2001).
  9. Perry, Kusel and Perry (1988); Harachi, Catalano and Hawkins (1999), citing Bosworth, Espelage, DuBay, Dahlberg, and Daytner (1996); Hoover, Oliver and Hazler (1992); Olweus and Limber (1999), citing Melton, Limber, Cunningham, Osgood, Cambers, Flerx, Henggeler, and Nation (1998).
  10. Rigby and Slee (1999); Smith, Morita, Junger-Tas, Olweus, Catalano and Slee (1999).
  11. Farrington (1993), citing Whitney and Smith (1991).
  12. Clarke and Kiselica (1997).
  13. Hoover, Oliver and Hazler (1992); Australian students reported similarly [Rigby (1996)]. [Full Text ]
  14. Limber (1998), citing Hazler, Hoover and Oliver (1991).
  15. Salmivalli (1999); also see Olweus and Limber (1999).
  16. Salmivalli (1999); Stevens, Van Oost and De Bourdeaudhuij (2000), citing Pepler (1994).
  17. Clarke and Kiselica (1997).
  18. Rigby and Slee (1999). 19 Limber et al. (1998).
  19. Smith and Sharp (1994).
  20. Rigby and Slee (1999); Ortega and Lera (2000).
  21. Farrington (1993), citing Stephenson and Smith (1991), and Whitney and Smith (1991).
  22. Farrington (1993), citing Stephenson and Smith (1991), and Whitney and Smith (1991).
  23. Farrington (1993), citing Zeigler and Rosenstein-Manner ( 1991), and Stephenson and Smith (1991).
  24. Nansel et al. (2001).
  25. Farrington (1993), citing Ziegler and Rosenstein-Manner (1991).
  26. Home Office (1996).[Full Text ]
  27. Farrington (1993).
  28. Olweus (1978); Smith and Brain (2000); but see Bernstein and Watson (1997).
  29. Bernstein and Watson (1997).
  30. Farrington (1993).
  31. Farrington (1993) reporting on his earlier research.
  32. Farrington (1993).
  33. Rigby and Slee (1999).
  34. Junger-Tas and Van Kesteren (1999).
  35. Harachi, Catalano and Hawkins (1999).
  36. See generally Smith and Brain (2000) for a discussion of the research on this topic.
  37. See Harachi, Catalano and Hawkins (1999) for a discussion of these different avenues of recent bullying research.
  38. Stevens, De Bourdeaudhuij and Van Oost (2000).
  39. Farrington (1993); Zeigler and Rosenstein-Manner (1991).
  40. Clarke and Kiselica (1997).
  41. Banks, Kaplan and Groves (2001).
  42. Banks, Kaplan and Groves (2001), quoting therapist Veronica Thomas.
  43. Farrington (1993), citing Whitney and Smith (1991).
  44. Farrington (1993); also see Bernstein and Watson (1997), citing Olweus (1978); Perry, Kusel and Perry (1988).
  45. Bernstein and Watson (1997), citing Olweus (1978).
  46. Schwartz, Dodge and Cole (1993).
  47. Hodges and Perry (1997).
  48. Junger-Tas and Van Kesteren (1999).
  49. Smith and Brain (2000).
  50. Farrington (1993).
  51. Rigby and Slee (1999).
  52. Farrington (1993).
  53. Junger-Tas and Van Kesteren (1999).
  54. See Bernstein and Watson (1997) for a discussion of the research on chronic victims; also see Perry, Kusel and Perry (1988).
  55. Farrington (1993); Olweus (1993).
  56. See generally Bernstein and Watson (1997).
  57. Bernstein and Watson (1997); also see Salmivalli (1999).
  58. Olweus (1992).
  59. Harachi, Catalano and Hawkins (1999).
  60. Farrington (1993), citing Stephenson and Smith (1991); for similar conclusions, also see Roland (2000).
  61. Olweus and Limber (1999); Pitts and Smith (1996); also see the evaluation by The Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence. [Full Text ] [Full text ]
  62. Stevens, De Bourdeaudhuij and Van Oost (2000); Stevens found zero outcomes in secondary schools.
  63. Pitts and Smith (1996); but see Stevens, De Bourdeauhuij and Van Oost (2000).[Full text ]
  64. Limber et al. (1998).
  65. Personal correspondence from Sue Limber to the author, November 9, 2001.
  66. Personal correspondence from Sue Limber to the author, November 9, 2001.
  67. Personal correspondence from Sue Limber to the author, November 9, 2001.
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