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Endnotes

[1] Rennison (2003)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[2] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Rennison and Welchans (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[3] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Rennison and Welchans (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[4] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Greenfeld et al. (1998)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[5] For an excellent discussion of the challenges these different definitions cause in making findings across research studies and surveys, see Mears (2003) and Buzawa and Buzawa (2003).

[6] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[7] Rennison (2003)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[8] Rennison (2001)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[9] Fox and Zawitz (2002)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[10] Fox and Zawitz (2002)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[11] See Straus (2005) and Buzawa and Buzawa (2003) for a review.

[12] Rennison and Welchans (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[13] Straus (2005); Moffit and Caspi (1999)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[14] Straus (2005).

[15] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Straus (2005).

[16] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[17] Carrington and Phillips (2003).

[18] Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department (2002).

[19] For a summary, see Brewster (2002).

[20] Hotaling et al. (1989).

[21] For a thorough review of the research in support of this theory, see Kennedy (2002). Also see Hotaling et al. (1989) for the results of several studies and Buzawa and Buzawa (2003) for a general description of study findings about this topic.

[22] Dekeseredy et al. (1997).

[23] Straus (2005).

[24] For a summary, see Brewster (2002).

[25] Greenfeld et al. (1998)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Rennison and Welchans (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[26] Dekeseredy et al. (1997).

[27] Hickman et al. (2004). For a detailed discussion of the challenges of measuring teen dating violence and the results of different studies that have attempted to, see Hickman et al. (2004).

[28] Rennison and Welchans (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[29] Rennison and Welchans (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[30] Lloyd (1998).

[31] Rennison and Welchans (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[32] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[33] Hanmer et al. (1999)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[34] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[35] Hanmer et al. (1999)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[36] Hanmer et al. (1999)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]. Also see Buzawa and Buzawa (2003) describing a study one of the authors conducted with others in Quincy District Court (Massachusetts) finding a similar pattern.

[37] Greenfeld et al. (1998)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[38] Greenfeld et al. (1998)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[39] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[40] Jasinski (2001a); Jasinski (2001b); for a summary of the research related to pregnancy and domestic violence, see U.S. General Accounting Office (2002)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[41] Jasinski (2001a); Jasinski (2001b); for a summary of the research related to pregnancy and domestic violence, see U.S. General Accounting Office (2002)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[42] Summary of research on pregnancy and domestic violence, U.S. General Accounting Office (2002)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[43] Jasinski (2001b).

[44] Rennison and Welchans (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[45] Rennison and Welchans (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[46] Moffitt and Caspi (1999)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[47] Moffitt and Caspi (1999)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[48] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[49] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[50] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[51] Ascione (2004).

[52] Tjaden and Thoennes (2000)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[53] Lloyd et al. (1994)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[54] Buzawa and Buzawa (2003).

[55] Buzawa and Buzawa (1996).

[56] Hanmer et al (1999)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Anderson et al (1995)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Bridgeman and Hobbs (1997)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Chenery et al (1997)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Lloyd et al (1994)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Pease (1998)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]. For the application of a graded approach to reducing repeat domestic violence victimization in the United States, see the description of the Fremont Police Department approach in Sampson and Scott (2000) [Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[57] Hanmer et al. (1999)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]. Also see Buzawa and Buzawa (2003) describing a study one of the authors conducted with others in Quincy District Court (MA) finding a similar pattern.

[58] Hanmer et al. (1999)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[59] Hanmer et al. (1999)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[60] Hanmer et al. (1999)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[61] Kennedy (2002).

[62] Buzawa and Buzawa (1996).

[63] U.S. General Accounting Office (2002)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[64] Hickman et al. (2004).

[65] Felson, Ackerman, and Gallagher (2005).

[66] See adopted recommendations in American Medical Association Data on Violence Between Intimates (2000).

[67] For a summary of the research on physician screening for domestic violence, see U.S. General Accounting Office (2002)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[68] Roberts (2002a).

[69] Brookoff et al. (1997).

[70] See Bruno v. Codd 47 N.Y. 2d 582, 393 N.E. 2d 976, 419 N.Y.S. 2d 901 [1979]; and Thurman v. City of Torrington 595 F. Supp 1521 [1984].

[71] Sherman and Berk (1984).

[72] Roberts and Kurst-Swanger (2002).

[73] Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (2004) [Portable Document FormatMisdemeanor Crimes of Domestic Violence Full Text ],[Portable Document FormatProtection Orders Full Text ] .

[74] Roberts (2002a).

[75] Sherman and Berk (1984).

[76] For a discussion of the replication studies, see Gelles (1996) and Fagan (1996)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[77] Maxwell, Garner and Fagan (2001)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[78] Maxwell, Garner and Fagan (2001)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[79] Maxwell, Garner and Fagan (2001)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[80] Maxwell, Garner and Fagan (2001)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[81] Felson, Ackerman, and Gallagher (2005).

[82] Loue (2001).

[83] Buzawa and Buzawa (2003).

[84] Loue (2001).

[85] Buzawa and Buzawa (2003).

[86] Buzawa and Buzawa (2003) discuss the empirical research from two mandatory prosecution jurisdictions and the arguments for and the drawbacks to “no drop” policies.

[87] Smith et al. (2001)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Buzawa and Buzawa (2003).

[88] Mazur and Aldrich (2003).

[89] Buzawa and Buzawa (2003).

[90] Brewster (2002).

[91] Brewster (2002).

[92] Brewster (2002).

[93] U.S. General Accounting Office (2002)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[94] Jackson (2003)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[95] Jackson (2003)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Feder and Forde (2003)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[96] Jackson et al. (2003)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[97] Fagan (1996)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; Buzawa and Buzawa (1996).

[98] Healey et al. (1998)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

[99] Fagan (1996)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ]; also see Healey et al. (1998)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ] and Buzawa and Buzawa (2003).

[100] Kruttschnitt et al. (2003).

[101] Buzawa and Buzawa (2003).

[102] Healey et al. (1998)[Portable Document FormatFull Text ].

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