Endnotes
[1] Ontario Police Department (2000).
[2] Orwall (2001).
[3] Lau (2002); also see Ontario Police Department (2000), where the problem primarily involved “young adults.”
[5] Clar (2003); also see San Diego Police Department (2003) and Stockton Police Department (2003).
[6] Lowery (2003).
[7] Wilkens (2003b).
[8] Leigh (1995).
[9] San Diego Police Department (2003).
[10] Neil (1999).
[11] Wilkens (2003a), quoting Stephen Bender.
[12] Wilkens (2003a).
[14] Toronto.cbc.ca (2002).
[15] CBC News (2003).
[16] Rendon (2001).
[17] Wilkens (2003a).
[18] Dobner (2001).
[19] Lau (2002).
[20] San Diego Police Department (2003).
[21] Sloan (2004).
[22] Ontario Police Department (2000)
[23] Lau (2002).
[24] Stockton Police Department (2003).
[26] Sloan (2004).
[27] Pangelinan (2004).
[28] Stokes (2003). [
Full Text ]
[29] Milpitas Police Department (2002).
[30] Pangelinan (2004).
[31] Stockton Police Department (2003).
[33] San Diego Police Department (2003).
[34] Lowery (2003).
[36] Reno Police Department (2003).
[37] Squatriglia & Nevius (2003).
[38] Velasquez (2003).
[39] Munoz (2003).
[40] Los Angeles Police Department (2001).
[41] Stockton Police Department (2003).
[42] Ontario Police Department (2000)
[43] Reno Police Department (2003); also see Ontario Police Department (2000) for passage and successful use of a new street-closure ordinance. See, for example, Wilkens (2003a), concerning a university professor who founded a nonprofit group that sponsors legal racing at San Diego’s Qualcomm Stadium.
[44] Brinsfield (2001).
[45] Sibley (2001). [Full Text ]
[46] Stokes (2003) [Full Text ]; PR Newswire Association (2003) [Full Text ].
[47] Redding Police Department (2003).
[49] Ontario Police Department (2000)
[51] San Diego Police Department (2003).