Endnotes
[1] Tiefenbrun (2002:136).[
Full Text ]
[2]US Department of State (2005). [Full Text ]
[3]Bales Fletcher and Stover (2004)[Full Text ].
[4] International Labour Office (2003).[Full Text ]
[5] TVPA (2000).[Full Text ]
[6]Salt (2000); Laczko and Gramegna (2003).
[7] U.S. Department of State (2004)[Full Text ]. How these figures were computed remains unclear. The number of women assisted as a result of TVPA is substantially lower, in the hundreds Bales Fletcher and Stover (2004:10)[Full Text ].
[8] Kangaspunta (2003).[Full Text ]
[9] Tiefenbrun (2002:139-141).[Full Text ]
[10] U.S. Department of Justice (2004).[Full Text ]
[11] MacPherson and Gushulak (2004).[Full Text ]
[12] Gushulak and MacPherson (2000).
[13] Gushulak and MacPherson (2000).
[14]Gumbel (2001); Bales Fletcher and Stover (2004)[Full Text ].
[15] Walter (2002).
[16]Stuart Police Department (2001).
[17] National City Police Department (2000). [Full Text ]
[18]Ryf (2002:50).
[19] Human Rights Watch (2001).[Full Text ]
[20] Guerette (2004).
[21] Cwikel et al. (2004). Early exposure to trauma also increases the chances that a woman will be recruited.
[22] Stone (2004).[Full Text ]
[23] Raymond and Hughes (2001).[Full Text ]
[24] Florida State University (2003).[Full Text ]
[25] Hughes (2001).[Full Text ]
[26] Parrado et al. (2004).
[27] Raymond and Hughes (2001).[Full Text ]
[28] United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) (2003).[Full Text ]
[29] TVPA (2000).[Full Text ]
[30] 8 U.S.C. sec. 1227(a)(1)(E)(i). [Full Text ]
[31]U.S. Department of State (2004).[Full Text ]
[32]Anderson and O’Connell Davidson (2003).
[33] Raymond and Hughes (2001)[Full Text ]; Hughes (2004a).[Full Text ]
[34]Wijers and Lap-Chew (1999); Zarembka (2000)[Full Text ]; Anderson and O’Connell Davidson (2003).
[35] Human Rights Watch (2001)[Full Text ]; Anderson and O’Connell Davidson (2003).
[36]Bales Fletcher and Stover (2004)[Full Text ].
[37] Scott (2000).[
Full Text ]
[38] Hughes (2004a).[Full Text ]
[39] See generally Freilich and Newman (2005).
[40] Seghetti et al. (2004).[Full Text ]
[41] Nordic Institute for Women’s Studies and Gender Research (2002).
[42]Raymond and Hughes (2001)[Full Text ]; Ryf (2002: 20).
[43]Salt (2000).
[44] Kansas City, Missouri Police Department (2004).[Full Text ]
[45]Mackenzieet al. (2003).[Full Text ]
[46] Raymond and Hughes (2001).[Full Text ]
[47]Hughes (2004a).[Full Text ]
[48] Torrey and Dubin (2003).
[49] Hughes (2003).[Full Text ]
[50] National Trafficking Alert System (no date).[Full Text ]
[51] Venkatraman (2003).
[52]See http://www.palmbeachpost.com/moderndayslavery/content/moderndayslavery/
[53] Jacobson (2002).[Full Text ]
[54] Edwards (2003).[Full Text ]
[55] SPOG (2005).[Full Text ]
[56] King (2003).[Full Text ]
[57] Ekberg (2004).
[58] Persons (1996).
[59] Hughes (2004a).[Full Text ]
[60] Hughes (2004a).[Full Text ]
[61] Hughes (2004a:27).[Full Text ]
[62]Hughes (2004a).
[63] Hesseling (1994). [Full Text ]
[64] Weidner (1999).
[65] Raymond (2004).
[66] Hughes (2004a)[Full Text ]; Ekberg (2004); Nordic Institute for Women’s Studies and Gender Research (2002).