Endnotes

[1] Nicol (2001).

[2] U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (2008a).

[3] U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (2008b).

[4] U. S. Conference of Mayors (2008).

[5] U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (2008b).

[6] Amster (2003); Cousineau (1993).

[7] Cousineau (1993).

[8] Cousineau (1993); Erlenbusch, Marr, and White (2001).

[9] Cousineau (1993); Tempe, Arizona, Homeless Task Force (2000); San Diego (California) Police Department (1999); Swope (2005); Lawson, S. (2002); Aubry, Klodawsky, Hay, and Birnie (2003).

[10] Cousineau (1993); Erlenbusch, Marr, and White (2001), Tempe, Arizona, Homeless Task Force (2000).

[11] Cousineau (1993).

[12] Newport Beach (California) Police Department (2000); Reno (Nevada) Police Department (1998).

[13] Tempe, Arizona, Homeless Task Force (2000); Harcourt (2005).

[14] Allen, Lehman, Green, Lindegren, Onorato, and Forrester (1994); National Coalition for the Homeless (2008b); Zerger (2002).

[15] Cousineau (1993); Tempe, Arizona, Homeless Task Force (2000); Harcourt (2005).

[16] Constable (2008).

[17] Ballintyne (1999).

[18] Newburn and Rock (2005).

[19] National Coalition for the Homeless (2008a).

[20] National Coalition for the Homeless (2008a).

[21] Sahagun and Bloomekatz (2008).

[22] Huichochea (2008).

[23] Pacheco (2007).

[24] Minugh (2008).

[25] Mallory (2002).

[26] Bureau of Justice Statistics (2008).

[27] Reno (Nevada) Police Department (1998); San Diego (California) Police Department (1995).

[28] Fischer (1998); Snow, Baker, and Anderson (1989).

[29] Snow, Baker, and Anderson (1989).

[30] Snow, Baker, and Anderson (1989).

[31] Snow, Baker, and Anderson (1989); Foscarinis (1996); Foscarinis, Cunningham-Bowers, and Brown (1999), Simon (1995).

[32] Snow, Baker, and Anderson (1989).

[33] Newport Beach (California) Police Department (2000); San Diego (California) Police Department (1995, 1999, 2003); San Diego (California) Police Department, Northern Division (2001); Reno (Nevada) Police Department (1998); Fontana (California) Police Department (1998).

[34] Newport Beach (California) Police Department (2000).

[35] Berkley and Thayer (2000).

[36] Berkley and Thayer (2000).

[37] Newport Beach (California) Police Department (2000); Reno (Nevada) Police Department (1998).

[38] Balles (2008); Siemers (2008).

[39] Swope (2005).

[40] Balles (2008).

[41] Dallas (Texas) Police Department, Northwest Operations Division (1999).

[42] Cousineau (1993); Fontana (California) Police Department (1998); Erlenbusch, Marr, and White (2001); Constable (2008).

[43] U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (2008a).

[44] Swope (2005).

[45] Culhane, Metraux, and Hadley (2002).

[46] Alliance to End Homelessness in Ottawa (2006); De Jong (2007).

[47] Cousineau (1993); Erlenbusch, Marr, and White (2001).

[48] McMurray-Avila, Gelberg, and Breakey (1999); Drake, Osher, and Wallach (1991); Drake, Mercer-McFadden, Mueser, McHugo, and Bond (1998); Drake, Mueser, Brunette, and McHugo (2004).

[49] Amster (2003).

[50] Whyte (1980).

[51] National Coalition for the Homeless and National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty (2006).

[52] Shen (2007).

[53] Hu (2005); Roberts (2008).

[54] Tempe, Arizona, Homeless Task Force (2000).

[55] Berkley and Thayer (2000).

[56] Fontana (California) Police Department (1998).

[57] Newport Beach (California) Police Department (2000); Reno (Nevada) Police Department (1998)

[58] Moravcik (2005).

[59] City of Concord (California) (2009).

[60] Bureau of Justice Statistics (2006a, 2006b).

[61] Fort Lauderdale (Florida) Police Department (2002),

[62] San Diego (California) Police Department (1999).

[63] Groves (2009); City of Santa Monica (California) (2008); Melekian (1990).

[64] Leckerman (2001).

[65] Leckerman (2001); Foscarinis (1996); National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty (2003).

[66] San Diego (California) Police Department (1995).

[67] Ellickson (1996); Cousineau (1993).

[68] Fort Lauderdale (Florida) Police Department (2002),

[69] Scott (2004).

[70] Cousineau (1993); Erlenbusch, Marr, and White (2001).

[71] Foscarinis (1996).

[72] Fort Lauderdale (Florida) Police Department (2002).

[73] Jencks (1994); Cousineau (1993); Erlenbusch, Marr, and White (2001).

[74] Cousineau (1993); Erlenbusch, Marr, and White (2001).